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October 11, 2025Open Access

The Cognitive Safety Net: Comparing Human and AI Diagnostic Reasoning during Complex Clinical Situations

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Authors

AAAntonin AudionMHMathieu HenkemeBBBaptiste Balança

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Overview

This study reveals distinct diagnostic reasoning strategies of AI and experienced residents, indicating AI's role as a cognitive safety net.

Key Points

  • The AI showed broad diagnostic anticipation but was outperformed strategically by experienced residents.
  • Residents prioritized immediate surgical risks, identifying gas embolism, which the AI overlooked.
  • Analyses using the Condorcet method ranked residents’ focused strategies as superior in complex scenarios.
  • The findings suggest a complementary model where AI augments human judgment, enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

Cite This Study

Audion et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68e9b1d0ba7d64b6fc132a34https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.10.06.25335641
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