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October 11, 2025VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCESOpen Access

Assessment of fecal contamination and its potential risks of rainwater collected in Hanoi city, Vietnam

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Authors

LDLe Nhu DaPBPhung Thi Xuan BinhNHNguyen Thi Mai Huong

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Overview

Analysis shows heightened fecal contamination in rainwater across Hanoi, suggesting significant public health risks.

Key Points

  • Higher fecal indicator bacteria values were observed in urban districts, elevating public health risks.
  • Mean levels of TC and EC in rainwater samples exceeded national and WHO guidelines, indicating unsafe drinking water.
  • Factors impacting fecal contamination include both natural elements and human activity in the urban environment.
  • Results highlight the need for treatment and preventive measures for rainwater use in urban settings.

Cite This Study

Da et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68e9b2e4ba7d64b6fc13320dhttps://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/23607
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