Impact on spark ignition engine performance, combustion, and emissions for ethanol and petrol (gasoline) blends

Presently, India's petrol consumption is third in the world; hence, development toward finding alternative fuels to petrol is essential to reduce foreign dependency and global warming and to grow self‐sustainability. Ethanol can be produced from a wide range of feedstocks, which are classified into three generations based on their source, composition, and sustainability. Emerging feedstock's waste fruits and vegetables (e.g., overripe bananas, spoiled potatoes) can also be used. This study focuses on producing ethanol from overripe banana fruits by direct sugar fermentation and distillation since Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh contribute 30% of India's banana production. Hence, the selection of bananas is an economical and practical feedstock. This study also evaluates the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single‐cylinder, four‐stroke, and Open Engine Control Unit (ECU) SI engine using prepared ethanol and petrol blends, ranging from E5 to E10. The results show that the performance and combustion characteristics of engines fuelled by E10 blend fuel were closer to petrol operation and a drastic reduction in emissions.