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This is a Quantitative Study study.

October 12, 2025Open Access

Spatiotemporal Mapping of Urban Flood Vulnerability under Climate and Land Use Change: A Multi-Criteria GIS-Based Assessment in Nangarhar, Afghanistan

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Analysis reveals increasing urban flood risk due to land use changes and climate variability, highlighting adaptation needs.

Flood susceptibility zones in Nangarhar expanded from 5,706 km² in 2004 to 5,985 km² in 2024, indicating heightened risk.
Geospatial analysis shows that built-up areas increasingly replaced agricultural land, reducing resilience to flooding.
Utilizing GIS and multi-criteria decision analysis, this research produced detailed flood hazard maps showcasing risk levels.
The findings suggest urgent adaptation strategies for land use planning and drainage systems to mitigate flood risks.

Ahmad et al. (2025) studied this question.

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