Vision-Guided Directional Wireless Transmission System for Energy-Efficient Mobile Devices

Abstract With the advent of fifth-generation (5G) communication architectures, high-bandwidth wireless transmission combined with large-scale data applications—such as high-definition video streaming—has emerged as a key trend. To meet the demands of high-throughput communication, increasing the carrier frequency has become essential. Millimeter-wave wireless transmission requires precise directional alignment to efficiently deliver large volumes of data, making antenna alignment a critical factor. This study applies the principles of epipolar geometry in computer vision to project the main lobe axis of radio wave propagation onto the camera image plane, named radio epipolar line. By identifying the radio epipolar line that yields the highest connection efficiency with the base station, the system guides the orientation of the directional antenna to achieve optimal transmission performance. A key feature of this approach is that it eliminates the need for antenna arrays, which enables implementation with a single directional antenna and significantly reducing the energy consumption associated with spatial sweeping. Furthermore, by incorporating the propagation direction of wireless signals directly into the positioning process, the system enhances overall transmission performance.