Distribution, Morphoanatomical and Physiological Adaptations in Eulaliopsis binata in the Salt Range, Chakwal, Pakistan

This study provides a detailed examination of the distribution, morphoanatomical, and physiological adaptations of Eulaliopsis binata in the Salt Range of Chakwal, Pakistan. Five sites with varying salt levels, including Kallar Kahar Lake, Khushab Road (Kallar Kahar), Bhuchal Kalan, Miani, and Chakwal Road (referred to as sites 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively), were selected for plant and soil sample collection and analysis. The study identified key physicochemical properties of the soil that influenced plant growth and adaptive strategies. Plant growth parameters such as shoot length, fresh and dry biomass were observed to be higher at site 2 due to optimal soil conditions. Anatomical studies of root, stem, and leaf tissues revealed structural adaptations crucial for the resilience of plants against saline conditions. A more developed epidermis was observed at Site 1 (19.5 µm), providing better structural support and water transport under dry and saline conditions. The smallest metaxylem was observed at Site 4, indicating favorable conditions that do not require highly adaptive structures. Evaluation of physiological parameters, such as total chlorophyll content, showed differences among the sites. The highest total chlorophyll content was recorded at Site 2 (2.79 mg/g), suggesting a greater potential for biomass accumulation and highlighting strong adaptive capabilities of E. binata to saline environments.