A Review on Research Methods of Liquid Sloshing in Transportation Field

The phenomenon of liquid sloshing is prevalent in liquid transportation across road and marine environments, where it often results in negative impacts. Intense liquid sloshing can cause critical issues such as tank overturning or lateral tipping. To minimize these adverse effects and enhance the stability of liquid-carrying tanks, extensive research has been conducted on sloshing dynamics within tanks. Currently, the primary approaches to studying liquid sloshing include experimental methods, analytical methods, and numerical methods. These methods enable the determination of various sloshing response parameters and the assessment of liquid sloshing intensity within the tank. To mitigate liquid sloshing inside tanks, researchers have proposed strategies such as the use of baffles and flexible structures, which aim to reduce sloshing response parameters and improve tank stability. This paper summarizes the methodologies employed in existing studies on sloshing suppression, categorizing them into experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches, and provides examples of their applications in liquid transportation. Based on the methods and measures for sloshing mitigation discussed, the review concludes with an outlook on future research directions and potential measures for sloshing suppression in the transportation sector.