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October 12, 2025Open Access

Integrated charging scheduling for electric buses with time-of-use tariffs, peak power, V2G, battery ageing, and renewables

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Authors

LCLouise CausturPHPenelope HertogheTMTai-Yu Ma

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Overview

This research demonstrates a novel model minimizing operational costs in electric bus fleets, suggesting significant savings with effective energy management.

Key Points

  • Daily costs are reduced by 5% through demand charge management, showcasing cost-effective strategies for electric bus operations.
  • Incorporating photovoltaic (PV) generation and energy storage systems (ESS) leads to net cost reductions of up to 56%, enhancing energy efficiency.
  • The mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model effectively manages electricity tariffs and peak power costs for electric bus networks.
  • V2G participation, influenced by battery degradation costs and tariffs, has the potential to optimize costs significantly for public transport operators.

Cite This Study

Caustur et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68ebffcfdef9fcb308ff2587https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.05940
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1MILP-Based Optimization of Electric Bus Charging Considering Battery Degradation and Environmental Factors Under TOU Pricing2025
  2. 2Coordinated Optimization of Cross-Line Electric Bus Scheduling and Photovoltaic–Storage–Charging Depot Configuration2026
  3. 3Operational Efficiency and Economic Impact of Rule-Based PV-Battery Management in Electric Bus Charging Systems2026 · 2 citations
  4. 4Interactive Optimization of Electric Bus Scheduling and Overnight Charging2025 · 3 citations
  5. 5Optimization for Charging Scheduling in Electric Bus System2024 · 1 citations