Financial Inclusion and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprise Performance: Evidence from Conventional, Islamic, and Non-User Segments in Jakarta, Indonesia

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This analysis shows that financial inclusion and socio-demographic factors affect MSMEs' performance, implying significant economic implications.

Financial inclusion significantly boosts micro and small enterprises' performance in Jakarta.
Key socio-demographic factors influencing performance include gender, business age, and the generation of MSME actors.
MSMEs using conventional financial institutions report higher performance perceptions than those using Islamic services.
The lowest performance perception is found among MSMEs not utilizing any financial service institutions.

Citarayani et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This analysis shows that financial inclusion and socio-demographic factors affect MSMEs' performance, implying significant economic implications.