Systematic analysis finds mirror symmetry in proton-neutron interactions, indicating potential shifts due to extended distributions.
Effective proton-neutron interactions, Vₚₙ, in mirror nuclei are systematically analyzed using the ground-state atomic masses. A mirror symmetry of Vₚₙ is found for bound nuclei with a standard deviation of σ=32 keV. However, this mirror symmetry is apparently broken for some mirror-nuclei pairs when a proton-unbound nucleus is involved in extracting the Vₚₙ values. Such a mirror-symmetry breaking is attributed to the Thomas-Ehrman shift of the proton-unbound nucleus and investigated by using the Gamow shell model. It is concluded that the Thomas-Ehrman shift originates mainly from reduced Coulomb energies in the proton-unbound nuclei due to the extended radial density distribution of valence protons.
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Xing et al. (2025) studied this question.
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