Analysis reveals that gluon gravitational radius matches the proton's electromagnetic radius, suggesting complex parton contributions.
The electromagnetic and gravitational form factors of the nucleon determined by quark and gluon contributions are calculated using the momentum transfer dependence of generalized parton distributions with different forms of parton distribution functions obtained by various Collaborations. The power forms of gravitational form factors of quarks and gluons are examined. It is shown that the gluon gravitational radius of the nucleon is comparable to the electromagnetic radius of the proton; however, the quark gravitational radius of the nucleon is less than its electromagnetic radius. It is shown that the gluon gravitational form factor drops faster than the quark gravitational form factor at large transfer momenta and corresponds to the triple form.
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Selyugin et al. (2025) studied this question.
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