The phase transitions of the frustrated J₁-J₂ Ising model on the honeycomb lattice

We study the phase transitions of the frustrated J₁-J₂ Ising model on the honeycomb lattice using the non-perturbative first principle Monte Carlo simulations. Here J₁ < 0 and J₂ > 0 are the nearest and next-to-nearest couplings, respectively. In particular, the values of J₂/|J₁| = 0.20, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 are considered in our study. Based on the numerical outcomes, we find that the phase transitions for J₂/|J₁| = 0.20, 0.22, 0.23, and 0.24 are second order and are governed by the 2D Ising universality class. In addition, we find evidence to support the facts that there are transitions for J₂/|J₁| = 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 and these phase transitions are second order. Our results also indicate phase transition is unlikely to take place for $g=0.3$. We are not able to obtain results for J₂/|J₁| ∈ (0.24, 0.3) because the associated integrated autocorrelation times or (and) the equilibrium times are extremely large at the low-temperature region. A comparison between the outcomes presented here and the available results in the literature is briefly conducted as well.