Analysis traces the evolution of money and central bank digital currencies, indicating a transformative shift in monetary systems.
Money has accompanied human history since the dawn of civilizations – from bartering and cocoa beans to electronic cryptocurrencies. The first coins appeared in Lydia in the 7th century BC, marking the beginning of the classical payment model. With the growth of trade, more convenient forms of currency were needed – paper and later polymer banknotes. In modern times, with the development of technology, digital currencies and blockchain systems are gaining ground, with Bitcoin marking a new era in the history of money. Today, in the conditions of global digitalization, central banks are also developing their own digital currencies, shaping the future of the monetary landscape.
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Alexandrova et al. (2025) studied this question.
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