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October 15, 2025Open Access

Gendered Protest in Europe: EU Norm Diffusion, Conservative Backlash, and Attitudinal Hybridization

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Authors

OLOlga Lavrinenko

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Overview

Observational analysis reveals how EU norms shape protest participation in Europe, indicating significant effects of conservative backlash.

Key Points

  • Gender gaps in protest participation narrow under weak conservative counter-mobilization, but widen when conservative movements are strong.
  • The Backlash Amplification Hypothesis shows that EU-driven equality norms influence gender gaps depending on conservative mobilization levels.
  • Hybrid attitudinal profiles are relevant mainly for low- and mixed-effort protest contexts, with responsiveness to conservative counter-mobilization.
  • The findings highlight the complex relationship between transnational norms, domestic conservative movements, and gender-role attitudes.

Cite This Study

Olga Lavrinenko (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68efa18f9d05deea71d13fd5https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7829158/v1
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