Proposed GEO relay framework enhances real-time inter-satellite communication for LEO satellites, indicating improved data relay efficiency.
India’s satellite programs, though advanced in payload development and launch operations, still rely predominantly on ground-station-dependent communication. This dependence leads to temporal gaps in data relay, increased mission latency, and limited real-time responsiveness. To address this, the present research proposes a Geostationary (GEO) relay–enabled inter-satellite communication framework that links multiple Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites with three GEO communication hubs. The proposed hybrid model employs optical and Ka-band communication channels to optimize throughput and reliability. Simulations were carried out using AGI Systems Tool Kit (STK) integrated with Python for orbital control, data analysis, and link-budget computation.
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S. Mall (2025) studied this question.
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