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June 6, 2026International Journal of Satellite Communications and NetworkingOpen Access

Geometric Characterization of LEO–GEO Inter‐Satellite Links for Bidirectional Communications

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Authors

MFMuhammad FurqanQueensland University of TechnologyLYLingfeng YeQueensland University of TechnologyYFYanming FengQueensland University of Technology

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Overview

Numerical analysis evaluates inter-satellite link characteristics in satellite constellations, suggesting design improvements for communication systems.

Key Points

  • This research aims to analyze the geometric characteristics of inter-satellite links (ISLs) between LEO and GEO satellites to optimize communication.
  • Conducted numerical analysis of LEO–GEO ISL geometric characteristics with simulations of operational constellations like Iridium, Starlink, and OneWeb.
  • Assessed geometric performance across various synthetic orbital shells with different altitude and inclination combinations.
  • Evaluated link availability and dynamics using dual approach methodology.
  • Inclination significantly impacts LEO–GEO ISL availability; altitude affects it only above 950 km.
  • Two-GEO configurations provide near-continuous downlink for non-FOV-limited constellations like Iridium and Starlink.
  • FOV-limited systems require more GEOs for improved downlink availability, while low-inclination LEO constellations enhance uplink opportunities.

Cite This Study

Furqan et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a23bafd71a5da9775e7691ehttps://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70066
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