Risk Factors, Clinical Presentations, and Outcomes of Coronary Artery Disease in Semi Urban South Indian Women: A Retrospective Analysis

Backgrounds:Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of death globally, signicantly impacting women, particularly after menopause. In India, CVD accounts for a substantial proportion of female mortality. This study aims to investigate the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) among Indian women and evaluate their clinical outcomes post-coronary angiogram. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 598 women aged 18 years and above who underwent coronary angiogram. Patients were divided into three age groups: Group A (<50 years), Group B (50-70 years), and Group C (>70 years). Data on risk factors, clinical presentations, and angiographic ndings were collected from the Medical Records Department's electronic database and analyzed using SPSS Version 23. Results: The mean age of the study population was 56.8 ± 9.7 years. Diabetes mellitus (56.5%) and hypertension (52.5%) were the most prevalent risk factors. Dyslipidemia was present in 18.2%, and hypothyroidism in 14.9% of patients. Chronic Stable Angina (CSA) was the most common clinical presentation (27.1%). Coronary angiograms revealed that 18.6% had normal coronaries, 19.7% had minimal CAD, and 61.7% had obstructive CAD. Among those with obstructive CAD, Single Vessel Disease (SVD) was prevalent in younger women, while Double Vessel Disease (DVD) and Triple Vessel Disease (TVD) were more common in older age groups. Discussion:This study highlights the signicant prevalence of traditional risk factors like diabetes and hypertension among Indian women with CAD. The ndings underscore the age-related progression of CAD severity and the need for gender-specic preventive and therapeutic strategies. The study also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive risk assessments and targeted interventions, particularly for women with multiple comorbidities. Conclusion: The study provides critical insights into the risk factors, clinical characteristics, and severity of CAD among South Indian women. It underscores the need for tailored preventive and therapeutic strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and emerging risk factors to enhance the understanding and management of CAD in women.