Cooperative agriculture in Moldova: economic and financial performance in a context of transition*

The contribution of agricultural cooperatives to sustainable development in Moldova is the subject of growing interest, especially considering the post-Soviet transition process and the need to strengthen resilience. This study analyses the economic and financial performance of 69 Moldovan cooperative enterprises operating in crop, animal production, hunting, and related services from 2020 to 2023. The investigation uses advanced statistical analysis based on profitability ratios (ROE) and leverage, using clustering techniques, ANOVA and post-ANOVA tests. The results show heterogeneous trajectories among the groups of enterprises, with signs of growth and economic vulnerability. The critical analysis is complemented with theoretical references emphasising the role of transformational leadership, integrated supply chains and local social capital. The paper proposes reflections on the structural and cultural challenges that limit the effectiveness of cooperatives in Moldova, suggesting the need for more targeted public policies and future multidisciplinary investigations.