Characterization of Serum Concentration of CD8, CD4, Interfron-γ, and Interleukin-4 in 4T1 Tumor Inoculated Mouse Model

Background: Malignancies in domesticated animals, including cats and dogs, present significant health challenges. The 4T1 tumor-inoculated mouse model is pivotal for studying tumor biology and therapeutic strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize immune system alterations in the 4T1 tumor-inoculated mouse model by assessing serum concentrations of CD4 and CD8 antigens, along with cytokines interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4. Methods: BALB/c female mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 4T1 cells. Serum levels of CD4, CD8, IFN-γ, and IL-4 were quantified using ELISA, and histopathological analysis was performed to confirm tumorgenesis. Results: Tumor-bearing mice exhibited significantly elevated CD8 levels (mean: 7.2613 ng/mL) compared to healthy controls (mean: 1.9749 ng/mL), whereas CD4 levels were lower in tumor-bearing mice (mean: 2.7632 ng/mL) compared to controls (mean: 4.8677 ng/mL). IFN-γ levels were reduced (mean: 10.95238 vs 22.85714 pg/mL), while IL-4 levels were increased (mean: 27.76942 vs 10.85452 pg/mL). Conclusion: The 4T1 tumor model induces significant immune alterations, highlighting its utility for studying tumor immune evasion mechanisms and advancing immunotherapy strategies.