Abstract Human activities contribute significantly to climate change, with agriculture—particularly livestock production—being a major source of environmental impacts. While the livestock sector provides vital protein and livelihoods in lower-income countries, unsustainable practices can lead to serious environmental consequences. In Vietnam, these impacts are understudied and under-addressed, particularly in the context of pig farming. This study presents the first integrated assessment of environmental impacts from swine production in Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam, using a combined Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) framework. Data were collected from six large-scale pig farms, totaling 191,413 pigs across Dong Phu, Loc Ninh, Hon Quan, and Phu Rieng districts. his Vietnam-specific dataset provides a detailed inventory for evaluating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from farming activities, including the piglet production phase—where young pigs are raised—and the growing-to-finishing stage, during which pigs are fattened to reach market weight (cradle to gate). Using SimaPro 9.6.0.1 and the IPCC GWP 100a and ReCiPe Endpoint methods, the results show that feed digestion is the primary GHG emission source, contributing 8.26 kgCO 2 e/pig/month, followed by manure management (0.12 kgCO 2 e/pig/month) and energy consumption (0.31×10 −2 kgCO 2 e/pig/month). The total emission per pig is approximately 8.38 kgCO 2 e/month. Critically, this study advances methodological integration by combining LCA with AHP to prioritize mitigation strategies based on expert consultation from both environmental specialists and local pig farming practitioners. This dual-method approach allows for a scientifically grounded yet practically informed decision-making framework. The findings provide actionable insights for emission reduction and contribute directly to Vietnam’s policy efforts toward fulfilling its COP26 commitment to achieve net-zero GHG emissions by 2050. This research offers both a methodological innovation and a data-driven foundation for sustainable livestock management policies in Vietnam.
Nhu et al. (2025) studied this question.