Research on Secondary Waste Minimization Technology in Nuclear Waste Treatment

Nuclear energy development faces many challenges in secondary waste treatment. Its high radioactivity, complex composition, and diverse morphology increase the difficulty of treatment. This paper introduces the key technologies for minimizing secondary waste from the perspective of nuclear power plant operation, fuel reprocessing, and facility decommissioning. The source reduces the amount of production by optimizing the process, utilizing corrosion-resistant materials, and implementing classified management. Compression, incineration, and melting, as well as other volume reduction technologies, reduce the volume and improve stability. Resource-based approaches extract nuclides, prepare shielding materials, and produce industrial products for recycling. New technologies also show potential in efficient volume reduction and stable solidification. Currently, related technologies are still limited by several issues, including high costs and the immaturity of certain technologies. In the future, we should strengthen the research and development of low-cost technologies, improve regulatory supervision and international cooperation, and promote the sustainable development of nuclear waste management.