CAR-T cell therapy as an approach for pediatric hematological malignancies in regenerative therapy: Current status and clinical outcomes

Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery have been the standard cancer treatment approaches for many years. Even with these treatments, the majority of tumors still have a dismal prognosis. With complete remission rates ranging from 65% to 90% in the crucial CD19-CART trials, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy has revolutionized the treatment paradigm for pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Hematological tumors have responded well to CART. The first CART was authorized by the FDA in 2017 to treat B-ALL. The FDA authorized CART to treat B-cell lymphoma in October of that year. In recent years, research has focused on CART to increase and improve the therapeutic effect. New toxicity profiles and treatment constraints have also surfaced with this new medicine, calling for cooperative group trials, new management strategies, and toxicity consensus grading systems. The introduction of CART treatment for pediatric B-cell ALL will be the main topic of this article, along with previous and ongoing trials. We will also talk about CART therapy trials for various pediatric cancers. Safe procedures and close observation are essential since CART treatment has the potential to cause serious toxicities.