Metal Exposure in Chinese Pregnant Women from Dalian and Association with Clinical Indicators

Maternal serum metal levels can significantly affect pregnancy outcomes and fetal health. This study investigated the associations between serum heavy metal concentrations and hematological parameters in 209 pregnant women in Dalian. Mg and Ca were the predominant metals, with concentrations of 18,493 μg/L and 8060 μg/L, respectively, comprising 88.28% of the total concentration of eight essential metals. Notably, toxic metals such as Cr and Pb show levels comparable to possibly essential trace metals like Co and Mn, highlighting the necessity of enhanced surveillance to mitigate health hazards. Analysis of serum metal concentrations and composition profiles in serum of pregnant woman between case and control groups using multiple linear regression, revealed that elevated prenatal exposure to Hg and Ag was associated with significantly increased health risks. Levels of Ca, Fe, Co, Rb, Sr, and Cs correlated with liver function markers, while Zn and Cs correlated with kidney function indicators. Cr, Zn, Sr, and Ag concentrations were associated with uric acid levels. After adjusting for multiple metals and potential confounders, statistical associations were found between specific metals (e.g., Mg, Ca, Cr, Zn, Se, Cd) and blood glucose levels, indicating a potential link to glucose metabolism. These findings may inform targeted interventions for gestational diabetes and liver function management in pregnant women. Further research is required to elucidate these relationships and their implications for pregnancy outcomes.