This article examines the global efforts to govern and regulate Artificial Intelligence (AI) in response to its rapid development and growing influence across many parts of society. It explores how governance takes place at multiple levels, including international bodies, national governments, industries, companies, and communities. The study draws on a wide range of official documents, policy reports, and international agreements to build a timeline of key regulatory and standardization milestones. It also analyzes the challenges of coordinating across different legal systems, economic priorities, and cultural views. The findings show that while some progress has been made through soft-law frameworks and regional partnerships, deep divisions remain. These include unclear responsibilities, uneven enforcement, and risks of regulatory gaps. The article argues that effective AI governance requires stronger international cooperation, fair and inclusive participation, and awareness of power imbalances that shape policy decisions. Competing global and commercial interests can create obstacles to building systems that prioritize the public good. The conclusion highlights that future governance models must be flexible enough to adapt to fast-changing technologies, yet consistent enough to protect rights and promote trust. Addressing these tensions is critical for building a more just and accountable future of AI.
Orhan et al. (2025) studied this question.