Bioethical Challenges in the Work of the Pathologist in the Context of Existential Awareness of Human Wholeness

The professional activity of a pathologist involves distinct bioethical and psychological challenges, primarily due to constant exposure to death. Despite the critical role of this specialty in clinical medicine, its existential impact on the physician’s worldview and emotional well-being remains underexplored. In the context of multicultural societies and the growing emphasis on occupational health in medicine, this research highlights the need for theoretical reflection and practical solutions to these issues. Aim of the Study. To examine bioethical dilemmas in pathology practice through the lens of existential philosophy, and to assess the psychological consequences of prolonged exposure to death (including burnout, depersonalization, and crisis states). The study also evaluates the applicability of thanatotherapeutic approaches for preventing professional deformation. Materials and Methods. A multidisciplinary methodology was employed, combining bioethical analysis, psychological diagnostics, and international standards benchmarking. A total of 27 sources of academic literature were reviewed. A survey was conducted among pathologists in Odesa using standardized psychometric scales. Data were processed using descriptive statistical methods. Results. The respondents reported a high prevalence of emotional exhaustion (13%), episodic helplessness (40%), and moral distress (27%). Several participants exhibited signs of existential crisis, particularly those working with infant autopsies. The use of thanatotherapy was noted to reduce depersonalization and improve coping strategies. International experience demonstrates the effectiveness of structured support programs, with UK-based initiatives reducing burnout risk by up to 40%. Conclusions. Pathologists require an integrated system of psychological support that includes supervision, group interventions, and existential resilience training. Thanatotherapy should be incorporated into professional practice and medical education at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Furthermore, international bioethical standards (CAP, NHS) must be adapted to national contexts, taking into account cultural and religious specificities.