Demographic and Epidemiological Aspects of Brucellosis in the Ala-Bukinsky District: Current State of the Problem and Solutions

An in-depth epidemiological study of brucellosis prevalence in the Ala-Buka district was conducted based on 2024 data. The research revealed alarming trends in disease incidence: the overall rate reached 49.0 cases per 100,000 population, with 30.0 cases registered among children under 14 years of age per the same population size. The epidemiological analysis demonstrated a significant deterioration in indicators: over the year, the overall incidence doubled (from 25.8 to 49.0 cases), while among the pediatric population it tripled (from 10.9 to 30.0 cases per 100,000). A distinctive feature was the uniformity of clinical manifestations, with 100% of cases presenting as acute forms of the disease. A clear seasonal pattern was identified, with the peak incidence (52.6% of all cases) occurring during the summer period. Demographic analysis revealed a predominance of individuals over 30 years of age (73.7% of the total number of cases). Among the infected population, a significant proportion was represented by non-working individuals (28.1%) and school students (21%). The leading risk factor for infection was determined to be contact with farm animals, primarily small ruminants (49.1% of infection cases). Notably, in 40.4% of cases, the source of infection remained unidentified. Bacteriological examination detected pure culture of the pathogen Br. Melitensis in 37.8% of examined patients. It is noteworthy that in all positive cases, biotype III of Br. Melitensis was identified, indicating the presence of a common source of infection in the studied region.