Two-loop analysis explores QED effects on neutron decay, influencing |V_ud| determination.
Details of the two-loop analysis of long-distance QED radiative corrections to neutron beta decay are presented. Explicit expressions are given for hard, jet, and soft functions appearing in the factorization formula that describes the small mass/large energy limit. Power corrections, cancellation of singularities in the small mass expansion, renormalization scheme dependence, and bound state effects are discussed. The results impact the determination of |Vud| from the measured neutron lifetime.
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Cao et al. (2025) studied this question.
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