An agent-based model of the economy is generalized to incorporate investment and guaranteed income mechanisms in addition to the exchange and distribution mechanisms considered in earlier models. We find realistic wealth distributions and realistic values of the Gini coefficients and the Pareto index. We also show that although the system reaches a steady state, the system is not in thermal equilibrium. The nonequilibrium behavior is associated with the multiplicative noise generated by the investment mechanism.
Tobochnik et al. (Thu,) studied this question.