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STEEP demonstrates adequate secrecy rates for one-time pads in practical scenarios, suggesting advantages over quantum key distribution.
Secret-message transmission by echoing encrypted probes (STEEP) is discussed as an alternative to quantum key distribution (QKD). The former only needs classic or non-quantum channels while the latter needs both quantum and classic channels for secret-key generation. STEEP is shown to yield a secrecy rate sufficient for one-time pads encryption in many practical situations including in-air channels or undersea optical cables. Other advantages of STEEP over QKD include cost, complexity, compatibility, and robustness against constant eavesdropping.
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Yingbo Hua (2025) studied this question.
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