In-Vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Fermented and Non-Fermented Plant Extracts Against HCT-116, PC-3 and A-549 Cell Lines

Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Acacia catechu (Heartwood), Terminalia chebula (Fruits), Terminalia Bellirica (Fruits), Cinnamomum tamala (Leaves) and Ocimum sanctum (Leaves) were used in the present study and these medicinal plants possesses various therapeutic properties. Also, the probiotics used for fermentation processes were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei. In the current investigation, we investigated in-vitro-cytotoxic potential of non-fermented and fermented plant extracts against three different cell lines namely, colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), prostrate small cell carcinoma (PC-3) and adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A-549) by following Sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. The results showed that fermented plant extracts possessed higher IC50 value in comparison to their non-fermented extracts. In this investigation, A. catechu methanolic extract fermented by L. acidophilus showed highest cytotoxic activity with IC50 value of 31.96 μg/mL against A-549. Whereas, the lowest cytotoxic activity showed by non-fermented ethyl acetate extract of T. bellirica and non-fermented extracts of C. tamala and O. sanctum with IC50 values of 2500 μg/mL. Now, it has been established from the present study that the medicinal plant extracts fermented by probiotics under optimized conditions possesses higher cytotoxic effect in comparison to their non-fermented extracts.