Aligning AI Systems with Human Values: A Method for Identifying and Specifying Values

This work explores how AI-based systems can be designed and developed in a more responsible manner by aligning them with human values. To this end, we propose a structured approach for identifying and specifying values for AI systems through stakeholder workshops. While engaging relevant stakeholders within a particular context of use is crucial for designing more ethically-aligned AI systems, it is not a trivial task due to the inherent complexity and abstractness values can evoke. In this paper, we aim to address these challenges and offer actionable insights by developing methodologies for value identification and specification, grounded in a real-world use case: a healthcare application designed to detect and prevent exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We demonstrate how values such as autonomy can be identified, contextualized and translated into concrete design implications guiding the AI system's behaviour. Our contribution offers practical guidance for fellow researchers, designers, developers and regulators seeking to navigate the complexities of responsible AI development.