Characterizing the behavioral phenotypes of phobic avoidance

Abstract Avoidance is a core psychopathological symptom, yet its elective assessment remains overly simplistic. Here, we introduce a standardized Virtual Reality Behavioral Avoidance Test (vr-BAT) for a multidimensional, dynamic characterization of avoidance behavior.In 75 participants with varying arachnophobia levels, we validated the vr-BAT by demonstrating that key avoidance metrics (Distance, Time, and Velocity) correlated robustly with self-reported fear (SPQ).Based on the trajectories taken to approach the spider, we identified five distinct dimensions of avoidance through principal component analysis – capturing strategies of initial hesitation (Initial freezing and Action latency), coping mechanisms during the task (Hesitant approach and Spatial distancing), and final reluctance (Pre-contact freezing).A subsequent clustering analysis revealed two behavioral subtypes of avoidance, only partially overlapping with SPQ-based classifications, emphasizing that subjective fear and behavioral avoidance are complementary but distinct constructs.The present vr-BAT represents a robust and standardized framework for assessing avoidance, with translational potential across anxiety disorders.