Black Soldier Fly Meal as a Sustainable Alternative to Fishmeal in Rainbow Trout: Impacts on Growth, Nutrient Utilization, and Sustainability

This review evaluates the potential of Black Soldier Fly Meal (BSFM) as a sustainable alternative to fishmeal in the diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a key species in global aquaculture. The objective is to assess the effects of BSFM on trout growth, nutrient utilization, and its environmental sustainability, as compared to traditional fishmeal. A comprehensive literature synthesis was conducted, focusing on studies published from 2019 to 2025, covering BSFM’s nutritional composition, growth performance, and its environmental impact through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Key findings indicate that BSFM can effectively support growth in rainbow trout, with up to 50% fishmeal replacement showing comparable or improved growth performance. Nutritionally, BSFM is rich in protein, amino acids, and essential fatty acids, though supplementation with methionine and omega-3 fatty acids may be necessary. LCA results reveal that BSFM production significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and land requirements compared to conventional fishmeal. In conclusion, BSFM represents a promising, environmentally sustainable protein source for rainbow trout aquaculture, although further research on optimal inclusion rates, long-term effects, and regulatory approval is needed for broader commercial adoption.