Phylogenetic analysis identifies three neogoniolithon taxa, suggesting new species and regional records. Species delimitation through molecular techniques enhances understanding of coral line algae.
In the first study on Neogoniolithon species for the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, based on both molecular (COI‐5P, psb A and SSU rDNA) and morpho‐anatomical data, three taxa were identified for the Brazilian coast, including two new species. DNA‐based species delimitation methods distinguished Neogoniolithon crypticum sp. nov. from other sequences morpho‐anatomically identified as N. brassica‐florida , which has its type locality in South Africa. Neogoniolithon fluminense sp. nov. has the length of the carposporangial conceptacle diameter as a diagnostic feature, which is smaller than in other species. Neogoniolithon rhizophorae is a new record for this region and includes the first reporting of carposporangial conceptacles for the species. This study provides additional characters considered useful for morpho‐anatomically distinguishing Neogoniolithon species and includes comparisons of branched and unbranched thalli, trichocyte arrangement, carposporangial conceptacle chamber diameter and the number of cells in the carposporangial conceptacle roof.
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