Optimal Control of Ordinary Fractional‐Order Systems With a Delay in the Phase Variable

The paper considers a fractional model described by the Bolza problem of optimal control with delay in the phase variable depending on the fractional Caputo derivative of order and the fractional Riemann–Liouville integral of order . For the problem posed, a necessary optimality condition in the form of the Pontryagin maximum principle is formulated. Moreover, for the control, which is singular, a necessary optimality condition of a higher order is obtained for the first time. Unlike previous works, the results are formulated for both conditions and . The effectiveness of the available results is illustrated by specific examples.