Endonasal surgery for pituitary adenomas: surgical technique, intraoperative and postoperative complications

The review provides basic data concerning the anatomical aspects of surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas with maximum preservation of intact gland tissue. Neurosurgeons mainly use endoscopic transnasal access, which provides a wider field of view, high magnification and angular visualization, which gives it an advantage over microscopic access, which has not been used much lately. Only a detailed knowledge of the anatomy and topographic-anatomical relationships of the structures of this area makes it easy to navigate during surgery and plan less invasive interventions. In addition, data on complications in the postoperative period are presented, which are mainly represented by liquorrhea, water-electrolyte disorders, and information on methods of their prevention is analyzed.