This research demonstrates enhanced electrocaloric effect through Sn doping, suggesting improved polarization in antiferroelectric films.
Sn 4+ doping in PbHfO 3 films lowers the antiferroelectric–ferroelectric (AFE–FE) energy barrier, improving polarization. By increasing the entropy change (Δ S ), it significantly enhances the negative electrocaloric effect (NECE).
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Zhao et al. (2025) studied this question.
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