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October 17, 2025HistoriesOpen Access

Penal Philosophy and Practice from a Historical and Theological Perspective

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This article critiques penal philosophy, highlighting penitential rituals and theological values in punishment.

A historical critique shows that penal practices have deep roots in ecclesial tradition, beginning with early Christian monasteries.
The critique argues for a nonviolent penal ideology based on values like moral ontology and the belief in sin.
Penitential rituals directly influenced early state penitentiaries in the U.S., showcasing the intertwining of religion and punishment.
These theological and moral commitments question traditional justifications of punishment in modern government policies.

Skotnicki et al. (2025) studied this question.

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