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This is a Experimental Study study.

Microscopic salt exclusion dynamics of directional freezing in brine

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This research reveals brine exclusion during directional freezing, indicating significant dynamics in ice-brine structures.

Directionally freezing brine shows distinct stages of brine exclusion, influencing solidification.
Initial exclusion stage occurs in seconds, followed by thermal equilibrium driven by volume expansion.
The volume fraction of brine pockets in ice reduces to below 10% after 22 hours, demonstrating persistence.
Micro-computed tomography insights reveal unique morphologies from freezing dynamics, relevant to sea ice formation.

Wu et al. (2025) studied this question.

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