Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica Seeds Aqueous Extract and Evaluation of their Anti-diabetic Potentials Through in vitro and in silico Analysis

Deficiency and futility of insulin lead to a serious metabolic disorder known as Diabetes. It affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to overcome such life-threatening diseases, yet the risk is substantial. Echo-friendly silver nanoparticles have been effectively used in multiple ways. For instance, decomposition of harmful contaminants, water refining, sterilization, food conservation, nano-insecticides and cosmetics. In current research, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous extract of Azdirachta indica seeds, characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM and AFM analysis.These AgNPs were assessed for their anti-diabetic activities using α-amylase inhibitory and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. In the alpha-amylase inhibitory assay,the lowest % inhibition was noted as 26.6±1.53% at 10 µg/ml and the highest 79.33±2.21% at 100 µg/ml. Whereas acarbose (standard drug) showed % inhibition at 10 µg/ml 30.50±1.53% and that of 100µg/ml 82 ±3%. The percent inhibitory values of alpha-glucosidase at 10µg/ml were noted 25.3±0.6% and at 100 µg/ml 80±1.51%. Whereas Acarbose, revealed %inhibition at10µg/ml 28.6±2.09% and at100µg/ml 83.13±1.26% respectively. For results confirmation, molecular docking was conducted to assess the biological interaction between the silver nanoparticles, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The docking score of silver nanoparticles against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was found as -5.6164, -5.0013 and that of Acarbose was -6.9441,-7.1956 respectively.The docking score number of interactions of acarbose is relatively high in comparison to the nanoparticle, which is in agreement with the experimental findings. From the current research, it is concluded that the given silver nanoparticles have considerable inhibitory effects on the key enzymes that are involved in diabetes.