Investigating the Impact of the Secretome From hAMSCs on HT‐29 Colon Cancer Cells via TNF‐α/TGF‐β/c‐MYC Signaling Pathways Using a Three‐Dimensional Cell Culture Model

Background Colon cancer is recognized as one of the predominant reasons of death globally. The ongoing cancer treatment techniques have not been successful; so, a strong and unique platform is needed. Interestingly, it has been discovered that stem cells offer a valuable and promising platform in cancer treatment. The goal of this study is to explore the influences of hAMSCs secretome on HT‐29 colon cancer cells by analyzing TNF‐α/TGF‐βR/c‐MYC signaling pathway, expression of interleukins (IL)‐4/6/8, and cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitory proteins (p15 INK4B and p21 CIP1 ) using a hanging drop 3D cell culture model. Methods In this study, a coculture system was employed. After 3 days, hAMSCs' secretome was collected and its effects on tumor formation, inflammation, and cell invasion were analyzed using Western blot, scratch assay, qPCR, and ELISA. Results The study revealed a decrease in the TGF‐βR/SMADs/c‐MYC signaling pathway and an increase in levels of p15 INK4B , p21 CIP1 , TNF‐α, and IL‐4/6/8. Additionally, a decrease in invasion was detected in HT‐29 cells treated with hAMSCs. Conclusions Our results could be useful in developing a new approach to treating cancer using hAMSCs' secretome.