Escherichia coli in foodborne outbreaks: Considerations on a Brazilian survey and bibliometric analysis

Introduction: Foodborne diseases (FBD) remain a significant public health issue in tropical and developing countries, primarily due to microbiological contamination. In Brazil, between 2014 and 2023, 6,874 outbreaks were recorded, resulting in 12,346 hospitalizations and 121 deaths—34.8% of which were associated with Escherichia coli (E. coli). Objective: This study aimed to consolidate and analyze the current scientific landscape related to E. coli in foodborne outbreaks in Brazil through a bibliometric review integrated with official epidemiological data analysis. Method: A search was conducted in the Scopus database, retrieving 65 documents, including 53 original articles, 10 reviews, one book chapter, and one letter to the editor. In addition, epidemiological data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health for the period 2014 to 2023 were assessed. Results: The analysis revealed a low national scientific output on the subject, limited international collaboration, and a concentration of publications in a few journals and institutions, particularly the University of São Paulo. The data also indicated weaknesses in the notification, surveillance, and sanitary inspection systems. Conclusions: The findings highlight the urgent need to improve epidemiological surveillance systems, with mandatory and standardized reporting, as well as increased investment in food inspection and public health education. The integration of bibliometric trends with epidemiological insights provides a comprehensive understanding of the existing research gaps and can support the development of more effective public policies for the prevention and control of FBD outbreaks caused by E. coli in Brazil.