Relationship between parental perinatal factors and anthropometric indicators of the child

Introduction. Anthropometric measurements of a child at birth reflect its physical development, which is an important criterion of health. Currently, there are many classifications of risk factors, with parental factors being a significant contributor. Among these factors, it is important to highlight age, somatic health and bad habits. Research has proven the impact of smoking, alcohol consumption and parental age on child’s anthropometric measurements at birth and gestational age. In this study, the authors supplemented parental risk factors with cardiovascular diseases, including in both parents, and maternal thyroid diseases. The purpose of the study: is to identify the relationship between parental perinatal factors and child’s anthropometric measurements based on data from a selective observation of population health. Materials and methods. Based on data from “Results of the 2021 selective observation of population health (SZN‑2021) ” conducted by Rosstat, ten regression models were constructed to analyze height and weight variables of children aged 0–2 and their relationship with parental bad habits (smoking, vaping, alcohol) and parental somatic diseases (cardiovascular diseases and thyroid diseases). Results. Maternal smoking (Model 1: 0.493 (0.300; 0.793) at p < 0.01; Model 3: 0.635 (0.439; 0.909) at p < 0.05) and alcohol consumption (Model 1: 1.436 (0.957; 2.160) at p < 0.1) are significant factors of developmental disabilities in children. Gestational age (preterm birth) is affected by parental cardiovascular diseases (mother – Model 5: 0.347 (0.193–0.661) at p < 0.001; Model 6: 0.321 (0.192–0.561) at p < 0.001; Model 8: 0.346 (0.193–0.657) at p < 0.001; Model 9: 0.320 (0.191–0.558) p < 0.001 and father – Model 5: 0.570 (0.309–1.129) at p < 0.1; Model 7: 0.504 (0.282–0.971) at p < 0.05; Model 8: 0.566 (0.307–1.119) at p < 0.1; Model 10: 0.566 (0.313–1.103) at p < 0.1). Maternal thyroid diseases significant affect child’s growth and weight measurements at birth (Model 6: 1.412 (0.954–2.083) at p < 0.1; Model 9: 1.409 (0.953–2.079) at p < 0.1). Conclusion. Child’s anthropometric measurements are most influenced by parental factors such as maternal smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as maternal thyroid diseases.