Circadian Rhythm Disorder as a Factor in the Development of Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity

Aim. Based on the analysis of data from modern scientific literature, to demonstrate the influence of the circadian system on the function of adipose tissue and on the formation of metabolically unhealthy obesity. Key points. The circadian system regulates metabolic processes through complex neuroendocrine pathways, affecting key cellular structures. The central and peripheral circadian rhythms adapt the functions of organs and systems to sleep/wake and nutrition/starvation cycles, making a significant contribution to maintaining the body's metabolism in a state of equilibrium. At the level of adipose tissue, the circadian system regulates lipogenesis and lipolysis, and is also involved in the secretion of adipocytokines. Circadian regulation of the activity of lipogenesis and lipolysis is carried out mainly due to the influence on the processes of gene transcription of a number of key enzymes of adipose tissue involved in both processes. Disruption of the circadian rhythm leads to metabolic, hormonal, and energy imbalances. As a result of circadian rhythm disorders, the endocrine function of adipose tissue, lipid composition and variability of blood glucose levels, as well as insulin sensitivity, change, which can lead to the development of metabolically unhealthy obesity. Conclusion. The circadian system is the coordinator of human behavioral and physiological functions depending on the time of day. Peripheral circadian oscillators, obeying the central circadian clock, regulate metabolic processes at the level of adipose tissue, liver, kidneys, muscles, etc. The coordinated operation of this entire system ensures energy homeostasis. Circadian rhythm disorders can contribute to the development of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and diseases of the cardiovascular system and cause metabolically unhealthy obesity, while a healthy lifestyle, optimizing work schedules, and eliminating sleep disorders improve metabolic processes.