Next-Generation Electric Mobility: Dual-Battery System with Real-Time Power Management

Electric Vehicles (EVs) continue to face challenges such as limited driving range and heavy dependence on external charging facilities, which restrict their large-scale adoption. To address these issues, this study introduces the design and implementation of a dual-battery system that combines intelligent control with real-time energy harvesting. The proposed system employs a primary battery for standard operation and an auxiliary unit that is recharged dynamically using a radiator-fan-driven dynamo. Charging performance is further enhanced through the integration of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and snubber circuits. A microcontroller-based interface, supported by a 16×2 LCD and LED indicators, provides continuous monitoring and enables automatic switching between the two batteries, thereby improving user convenience. Experimental validation shows that this configuration increases battery endurance and enhances operational flexibility, while the energy harvesting approach lessens reliance on traditional charging stations. The results suggest that combining multi-battery management with renewable energy recovery offers a promising pathway toward more sustainable next-generation EV systems.