CFD-Based Analysis of Calcium Channel Blocker—Induced Vessel Dilation and Coiling in Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Management

This study presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of the hemodynamic effects of calcium channel blocker (CCB)–induced vessel dilation and endovascular coiling on a patient-specific middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm. A high-quality unstructured mesh with boundary layer refinement was generated, and grid convergence index (GCI) analysis confirmed mesh independence with errors below 5%. Simulations were conducted for six scenarios: without/with coiling treatment, combined with initial vessel size, 10% CCB-induced vessel dilation, and 20% dilation. Hemodynamic parameters, including wall shear stress (WSS), average WSS (AWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), pressure distribution, pressure drop, iso-velocity surfaces, and flow streamlines, were evaluated over the cardiac cycle. Results showed that CCB-induced vessel dilation reduces high WSS regions, peak pressures, and vortex intensity, with the most significant improvements at 20% dilation. Coiling treatment further diminished WSS, AWSS, and OSI values while substantially suppressing intra-aneurysmal flow recirculation and pressure peaks. The combination of CCB treatment and coiling produced the most favorable hemodynamic environment, characterized by uniformly low WSS, reduced oscillatory loading, and minimal high-pressure zones. These findings indicate that integrating pharmacological vasodilation with mechanical flow diversion may synergistically reduce rupture risk and improve clinical outcomes in MCA aneurysm management.