Central Dysregulation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Regulatory Mechanisms of Acupuncture: A Research Progress Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by complex etiology and diverse clinical manifestations. Recent advancements have deepened our understanding of central neuroendocrine dysfunction in PCOS. This review focuses on the latest developments in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (HPOA) dysfunction, specifically highlighting the regulatory roles of neurotransmitters, sex steroid, and glial cells on hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Additionally, this review explores the therapeutic targets and molecular mechanisms of acupuncture in modulating central nervous system abnormalities associated with PCOS. By integrating these findings, this article aims to provide new theoretical insights into the pathogenesis of PCOS and to support the development of acupuncture therapy as a promising clinical intervention.