Elimination of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Media Using Lagurus Ovatus as a Natural Adsorbent

Dyes play an essential role in water contamination; however, more effort must be made to reduce this issue. This study utilised Lagurus ovatus as an adsorbent, which can be considered an inexpensive weed, to remove the crystal violet from aqueous media. Various factors were examined, and it was found that the highest dye removal efficiency was obtained at pH between 5─11, the adsorbent weight of 2 g/L, the contact time of 40 min, and at the temperature of 50 °C. At the same time, it decreases with increasing dye concentration to reach its lowest value of about 82% at 80 mg/L. The thermodynamic study denotes the endothermic behaviour of the removal system. Also, the kinetic investigation elucidates that the best fit of the removal data can be offered by applying the pseudo-second order kinetic equation. In addition, the study of the isotherms reveals that the removal system follows precisely the Langmuir isotherm. The proposed adsorption mechanism is the electrostatic attraction between the cationic dye and the biosorbent surface. These results suggest that Lagurus ovatus, a new and alternative natural adsorbent, can be utilised efficiently to eliminate crystal violet from aqueous media.