Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Attention and Stress in Future Healthcare Professionals

Background: Sleep plays a crucial role in maintaining cognitive function, emotional regulation, and physiological balance. Among future healthcare professionals, whose demanding schedules often compromise sleep quality and duration, understanding the effects of sleep deprivation is critical. Objective: To evaluate the impact of sleep deprivation on attention and stress levels in future healthcare professionals. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January to December 2024 at Dr. B.S. Kushwah Institute of Medical Sciences, Kanpur. A total of 85 participants were divided into sleep-deprived (n = 45) and non-deprived (n = 40) groups based on reported sleep duration. Attention was assessed using standardized cognitive tests, and stress levels were measured through validated psychological scales. Statistical analysis was performed to determine differences across groups. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in gender (p = 0.81) or age (p = 0.35) distribution between the sleep-deprived and non-deprived groups. The sleep-deprived group demonstrated significantly lower attention scores (65.4 ± 10.2 vs. 78.6 ± 8.9; p = 0.001) and higher stress levels (7.8 ± 1.5 vs. 5.3 ± 1.1; p = 0.005) compared to the non-deprived group. Additionally, high stress (60% vs. 25%; p = 0.002) and attention impairment (55% vs. 15%; p = 0.001) were more prevalent among sleep-deprived participants. A clear trend was noted between increased sleep duration and improved cognitive performance and reduced stress. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation significantly impairs attention and elevates stress among future healthcare professionals. These findings emphasize the need to promote adequate sleep hygiene in medical students to support their cognitive functioning and mental well-being.