Predictive Factors and Characteristics of Sleep Paralysis Episodes among University Students in Jordan: A Cross-sectional Study

Background Sleep paralysis (SP) is characterized by rapid eye movement, sleep atonia, brain wakefulness, and a hypervigilant state. Objective This study assesses the predictive factors and characteristics of SP episodes among university students. Methods A self-reported questionnaire was administered through the university’s email to students from Jordan. It inquired about SP, sleep hygiene, and perceived stress using the Unusual Sleep Experience Questionnaire, the Sleep Hygiene Index, and the Higher Educational Stress Inventory, respectively. In addition, frequency and episode features were measured, and students’ demographic data were gathered. Results A total of 455 students were enrolled in the study. Most participants exhibited good sleep hygiene (77.6%) but also reported high stress levels. The frequency of SP episodes was associated with the duration of the episodes, prone position, and multiple sleeping disorders. In contrast, no association was found with sleep duration, sleep latency, or the presence of multiple psychiatric disorders. Conclusion This study is the first to examine the characteristics of SP episodes and predictive factors among university students in Jordan, highlighting the importance of recognizing factors associated with SP. This study paves the way for more extensive research on students, particularly examining the effect of stress on different aspects of their lives that could predispose them to various medical conditions, including SP.